GST 2.0 Reform Bill 2025: New GST Slabs, Rates & Impact

Bio

Shreyansh Singh, an IIT Kanpur alumnus, has eight years of experience in the finance industry. He has spent 5 years at American Express developing mid to long-term strategies for multiple markets including US, Europe and India. Shreyansh currently leads Growth and Strategy initiatives at Pice.

  • 9 Sep 25
  • 12 mins
gst 2.0 reform bill 2025 new gst slabs, rates & impact

GST 2.0 Reform Bill 2025: New GST Slabs, Rates & Impact

avatar of shreyansh singh
avatar of shreyansh singh Shreyansh Singh
  • 08 Mins
  • 09-09-25

Key Takeaways

  • GST 2.0 Reform Bill 2025 introduces a simplified three-tier GST structure of 5%, 18%, and 40%, replacing the old four-slab system.
  • Daily essentials and healthcare items under GST 2.0 attract lower tax rates, making them more affordable for households.
  • Luxury and sin goods face a 40% GST rate, ensuring fairness while boosting government revenue.
  • Automation, real-time invoicing, and faster refunds in GST 2.0 simplify compliance for businesses and exporters.
  • GST 2.0 rollout during Diwali 2025 boosts consumer spending, supporting India’s economic growth and “Make in India” vision.

The GST 2.0 Reform Bill 2025 is one of the major changes introduced to India`s indirect tax system. Under the new system, the old four-slab system has been replaced by a more straightforward three-tier system of 5%, 18%, and the newly implemented 40%.

Taxation on essential goods like packaged foods and items of daily use shall be levied at a lower rate, while luxury goods will attract a higher rate of 40%. The reforms aim at increasing consumption, easing compliance for small businesses, faster refunding, and simplifying the tax circuit. To know more about he reform in detail, keep reading this blog.

Why the GST 2.0 Reform Bill 2025 Matters for India?

Why the GST 2.0 Reform Bill 2025 Matters for India?

The Next-Gen GST reform, also known as the GST 2.0 Reform Bill 2025, introduces a streamlined structure with simplified tax rates. The two standard rates implemented are:

  • 5%: Applies to all essential goods and daily-use services.
  • 18%: Covers all other significant items in the economy.

However, the de-merit rate implemented in this reform is 40% applicable exclusively to luxury or sin goods.

Here is what you must know about the reform:

  • The new standardised rates simplify the previous four-slab GST system, making it easier for taxpayers to understand and comply with.
  • It provides greater clarity and reduces disparities across sectors like fertilisers, automobiles, and textiles.
  • The reform aims to pass on tax benefits to consumers, making essential goods more affordable.
  • Beyond lowering tax rates, GST 2.0 focuses on promoting consistent and sustained economic growth, striking a balance between the needs of businesses and households.

Overall, the reform represents a strategic shift toward a simpler, fairer, and more transparent GST framework for India.

Top 4 Features of the GST 2.0 Reform Bill 2025

  1. Real-Time Invoice

It is now mandatory for businesses to submit real-time invoices to maintain eligibility conditions for Input Tax Credit (ITC). In other words, a complete shift to an automated system for producing, submitting, and invoice tracking.

  1. Increased Automation and Data Accuracy

The government aims to include more automation in the new GST system. This will reduce human errors and expedite the process of matching invoices with tax payments. For example, the government has auto-populated invoices from suppliers directly.

  1. Faster GST Refunds for Exporters

Automation of the GST refunding process is another key feature of GST 2.0. Exporters facing a delay in the refund process will now benefit from a faster refund process.

  1. Penalty Charges and Strict Compliance

With strict compliance regulations, businesses will now be charged hefty penalties for delays in filing taxes. The new GST system will also flag suspicious transactions, if any. Thus, the collection of taxes will also rise to 15%.

7 Pillars of GST 2.0 Reforms

7 Pillars of GST 2.0 Reforms
SL. No.PillarsAimArea of Focus
1.One Nation, One TaxStrengthening the basic foundation of GST-Expanding the base of taxpayers-Maintain a unified tax system across India
2.Convenient Duty and Refund ProcessEase of Compliance-Inverted duty structure-Quick refund process
3.Simple Two-Tier SystemRationalisation of Rates-Follow the current two slab structure: 5% and 18%-transparent taxation form
4.Technology Enables FilingDigital First- Easy registration process for low-risk and small to medium businesses-E-invoicing and detection of AI-powered risk-90% refund process, particularly for exporters
5.Empowering Manufacturing and MSMEsBoost Growth Locally- Fixed the inverted form of the duty structure-Simple rates for easy promotion of Make in India
6.Consumer FirstRelief Particularly for Households-Place essential items within a bracket of 0-5%-Faster and smoother refunding process
7.Strong States, Stronger BharatSustainable Revenue Model-Rationalisation of rates to increase demand-Broader tax base for revenue profit across the state

Sector-Wise GST 2.0 Rate Changes

CategoriesItemsOld GSTNew GST
       Daily EssentialsHair Oil, Shampoo, Toothpaste, Toilet Soap Bar, Tooth Brushes, Shaving Cream18%5%
Pre-packaged Namkeens, Bhujia & Mixtures12%5%
Butter, Ghee, Cheese & Dairy Spreads12%5%
Utensils12%5%
Sewing Machines & Parts12%5%
Feeding Bottles, Napkins for Babies & Clinical Diapers12%5%
    HealthcareIndividual Life and Health Insurance18%NIL
Thermometer18%5%
All Diagnostic Kits & Reagents12%5%
Medical Grade Oxygen12%5%
Glucometer & Test Strips12%5%
Corrective Spectacles12%5%
   EducationMaps, Charts & Globes12%NIL
Exercise Books & Notebooks12%NIL
Pencils, Sharpeners, Crayons & Pastels12%NIL
Eraser5%NIL
       Farming and AgricultureTractor Tyres & Auto Parts18%5%
Specified Bio-Pesticides, Micro-Nutrients12%5%
Tractors12%5%
Drip Irrigation System & Sprinklers12%5%
Agricultural, Horticultural, or Forestry Machines for Soil Preparation, Cultivation, Harvesting & Threshing12%5%
      AutomobilesPetrol & Petrol Hybrid, LPG, CNG Cars (not exceeding 1200 cc & 4000mm)28%18%
3 Wheeled Electric Vehicles28%18%
Diesel & Diesel Hybrid Cars (not exceeding 1500 cc & 4000mm)28%18%
Motorcycles (350 cc & below)28%18%
Motor Vehicles for Transport of Goods28%18%
ElectronicsAir Conditioners28%18%
Monitors & Projectors28%18%
Televisions (above 32”, including LED & LCD TVs)28%18%
Dish Washing Machines28%18%

Economic Impact of GST 2.0 Reform Bill 2025

GST 2.0 structure is not only about a change in GST slabs, but it comprises several economic consequences. It is expected that GST 2.0 will bring down the inflation rate by 1.1 percentage points, as the overall price level is likely to reduce due to lower taxes on consumer and essential goods. This plays a crucial role when households are still recovering from the impact of increased food and fuel costs.

For industries such as consumer durables, auto, and FMCG, low GST rates indicate high demand. Earlier, many families had postponed their purchases due to high prices. But now with reduced tax rates, the purchase has become more affordable.

However, due to this new rate structure, the government may face a short-term revenue loss of approximately ₹48,000 crore. This can be balanced with increased demand and strict tax compliance. In general, the tax reform is designed to attain a more stable and predictable GST.

GST 2.0 Compliance for Enterprises

GST 2.0 Compliance for Enterprises

GST 2.0 may simplify the tax structure at the top level; however, the real challenge lies in its execution process. It is crucial for enterprises to act immediately to:

  1. Update POs, contracts, and invoices mentioning revised rates and the effective date.
  2. Re-mapping of SAC/HSN codes with SKU catalogues across various e-commerce, ERP, and POS platforms.
  3. Return preparation adaptation (GSTR-1 and 3B) as per the new and revised slab structure.
  4. Managing the refund process with stringent documentation and reconciliation within a 7-Day SLA.
  5. Preparation for audit-based evidence for compliance reviews/ GSTAT.

GST 2.0 Rollout During Diwali 2025

As an attempt to rationalise tax rates, the government has announced amendments to GST System Rates. In line with the new GST pattern, only two tax slabs of 5% and 18% have been retained considering the current set of slabs. The rollout of GST 2.0 on September 22, 2025, just before the Diwali festival, is expected to have a significant impact on business operations and consumer behaviour in India.
1. Changing Consumer Buying Patterns

As Diwali, the festival of lights, is approaching, consumers benefit significantly from falling prices on a wide variety of goods. With tax slabs reduced to just two, the tax burden on daily items is reduced, making it more affordable for consumers. Thus, consumer spending during the festival season is expected to increase.

  1. How Businesses Are Preparing for the Transition

To face this transition, businesses are preparing themselves by adjusting their inventory management and pricing. Retailers and manufacturers are also offering hefty discounts before the Diwali festival to clear out existing stocks ahead of the new GST taking effect. For example, Mahindra and Mahindra has announced price reductions of up to ₹1.43 lakh on its wide range of vehicles.

Following this announcement, the government closely monitored the implementation strategy to ensure that GST benefits were effectively reaching consumers. For addressing sector-specific challenges, centralised coordination is also expected.

As it stands, the rollout of GST 2.0 is likely to encourage consumers and provide sufficient business opportunities to further their sales through the Diwali festival.

Prime Minister’s Vision Behind the GST 2.0 Reform Bill 2025

In alignment with Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s vision for a transparent and easy-to-understand tax structure that benefits both customers and businesses, the GST 2.0 Reform Bill 2025 came into effect on 22nd September, 2025, with its two-tier rate structures introduced:

  • 5% for essential goods and day-to-day necessary items
  • 18% for standard goods-was formerly 12% and 28%

With this reform, several sectors benefit:

  • Automobile: Manufacturers such as Kia India are passing tax benefits to vehicle prices for customers.
  • Consumer Goods: Packaged goods and toiletries attract lower taxes and taxes to their disadvantage.
  • Healthcare: Lower GST rates on medical services and equipment enhance access and affordability.

According to PM Modi, the GST 2.0 is a "double dose of growth," which is supposed to:

  • Promote consumption by households
  • Strengthen domestic manufacturing and give further impetus to the "Make in India" campaign.

To increase public awareness, Members of Parliament are encouraged to organise ‘Swadeshi Melas’, highlighting Indian-made products and educating citizens on the benefits of the new tax structure.

Winners and Losers Under GST 2.0

Winners and Losers Under GST 2.0

Who Benefits Most from the New GST Slabs?

  • FMCG Sector: Low taxes on everyday essential items lead to a surge in goods volume.
  • Consumers: Low GST rates on medicines, food, and household essentials indicate direct savings.
  • Auto Sector: Two wheelers, small cars, with the purchase of their parts becoming more affordable, driving sales revenue.
  • Healthcare and Insurance: Low costs and health insurance premiums make these services easily accessible.

Industries Facing Higher Taxes or Reduced Demand

  • Luxury Automobile Manufacturer: Imports and luxurious SUVs remain expensive.
  • Beverage Companies: Due to the imposition of high taxes, soda and cola brands will likely experience reduced demand.

This gradual shift reflects the intention of the government to support middle-class consumption while imposing heavy taxes on luxury and sin goods.

Why Automation Is Crucial in GST 2.0 Compliance

Automation plays a key role in simplifying GST 2.0 Reform Bill 2025 compliance:

  • Manual filing of tax returns and payments is time-consuming and prone to errors.
  • Businesses can now upload invoices directly into the system, eliminating the need for repeated data entry for consumers.
  • Integration of automated invoicing with financial systems has improved auditing efficiency by 30%.
  • Real-time data tracking enables the government to detect tax evasion more effectively and with higher accuracy.
  • Refund processing has improved significantly, with July refunds reaching ₹27,147 crore, a 67% increase year-on-year.
  • Reduced human involvement in auditing lowers bias and accelerates the entire process.

Conclusion

The GST 2.0 Reform Bill 2025 is expected to benefit both businesses and consumers. Low tax rates on essential items will ease the burden on households. Sectors such as healthcare, automotive, and textiles are facing increased demand.

The government, after announcing this tax structure, focuses on simplifying strict tax compliance and supporting industries through a faster refund process and smooth registration. GST 2.0 overall aims to promote a fair and more efficient tax structure, thereby boosting India's economy during the festival season.

💡If you want to streamline your payment and make GST payments via credit, debit card or UPI, consider using the PICE App. Explore the PICE App today and take your business to new heights.

FAQs

What is the GST 2.0 Reform Bill 2025?

The GST 2.0 Reform Bill 2025 is a landmark change in India’s indirect tax system. It replaces the earlier four-slab GST with a simplified three-tier GST structure of 5%, 18%, and 40%. Essential goods, healthcare, and education fall under the lower GST rates, while luxury and sin goods attract a higher 40% GST. The reform also brings automation, real-time invoicing, and faster GST refunds, ensuring easier GST compliance and a transparent tax regime.

How will GST 2.0 benefit consumers?

Consumers benefit from lower GST rates on daily essentials such as shampoo, toothpaste, packaged foods, and dairy products. The GST reform makes healthcare and education items more affordable, with some products moved to the NIL tax category. During festivals like Diwali, the reduced GST slabs encourage higher consumer spending, boosting demand. Overall, GST 2.0 lowers household expenses, improves affordability, and directly supports middle-class families.

What are the compliance changes for businesses under GST 2.0?

Under the GST 2.0 compliance framework, businesses must adopt real-time invoicing to claim Input Tax Credit (ITC). Companies need to update ERP, e-commerce, and POS systems with new GST slabs and HSN codes. The reform promotes automation, reducing manual errors and delays. Exporters will receive faster GST refunds within a 7-day SLA. Strict GST compliance rules mean penalties for late filings, ensuring improved tax discipline and accurate GST collection.

Which sectors benefit the most from GST 2.0?

The FMCG, healthcare, education, automobile, and MSME sectors gain the most from the new GST rates. Everyday essentials like food, toiletries, medical kits, and books now attract a lower GST slab of 5% or NIL. The auto industry benefits from reduced GST on two-wheelers, small cars, and EVs. MSMEs enjoy simpler GST compliance, fixed duty structures, and faster refunds. Overall, GST 2.0 promotes Make in India, boosts demand, and supports business growth.

When will GST 2.0 be implemented and what is its impact on the economy?

The GST 2.0 Reform Bill 2025 was rolled out on 22nd September 2025, just before Diwali, to maximize consumer benefit. It is expected to reduce inflation by 1.1% due to lower GST on essentials. Although the government may face a short-term GST revenue loss of ₹48,000 crore, this will be balanced by increased consumption, strict compliance, and better GST collection. The reform ensures a stable, predictable, and business-friendly GST system for India’s economy.
About the author
Shreyansh Singh

Shreyansh Singh

Shreyansh Singh, an IIT Kanpur alumnus, has eight years of experience in the finance industry. He has spent 5 years at American Express developing mid to long-term strategies for multiple markets including US, Europe and India. Shreyansh currently leads Growth and Strategy initiatives at Pice.

by Sandipan Mitra

Key Takeaways The New GST Rates List 2025 simplifies taxation...
  • 09-09-25
  • 10 mins
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